Spinning is a very ancient activity, and people have understood how to spin small fibers into long threads, which are subsequently weaved into cloth since prehistoric times. Spinning process, in general, is the act of twisting animal or vegetable fibers…
Cotton spinning machine is defined as machines that process (or spin) prepared cotton roving into useable yarn or thread. The followings are the history of cotton spinning machine. Early spinning tools The first spinning tools were quite basic, consisting merely…
What is sublimation fastness? Fastness to ironing（color fastness to hot pressing） Fastness to ironing refers to the degree to which a dyed fabric changes color or fades when pressed. The degree of discoloration is determined by the staining of other…
After dyeing, the fabric's capacity to retain its original color can be represented by evaluating various color fastness. Washing fastness, rubbing fastness, light fastness, sublimation fastness, and other fabric indicators are commonly used for assessing color fastness. The greater the…
What is color fastness to rubbing? Rubbing color fastness refers to the color change degree of colored textile material caused by a certain way of rubbing with the small white cloth on a specific equipment. The color fastness of textiles…
The color fastness to rubbing of dyed products is divided into dry rubbing fastness and wet rubbing fastness. The former is to rub the dyed product with a dry white cloth to observe the color sticking to the white cloth.…
Color fastness to light is to measure the solar resistance of dyes and materials. The test method can be either sun exposure or solar machine exposure. The fading degree of the sample after sun exposure is compared with the standard…
What are the types of fastness? Color fastness, refers to the resistance of textile color to various effects during processing and use. The color fastness test of textiles is a routine item in the intrinsic quality test of textiles. Generally,…
Light fastness refers to the degree to which the color of the textile changes color under the action of sunlight or light after it has been dyed or printed. The factors affecting the actual test process of textile color fastness…
The elements influencing textile color fastness are classified as internal and exterior. Internal variables are the stiffness of the dye-fiber combination, whereas external elements are the external forces applied by external sources or the ambient conditions given by the product…
What is sublimation fastness Sublimation fastness is commonly associated with the dyeing of polyester disperse dyes. When the temperature rises above a certain point (setting above 180°C, ironing above 200°C), the disperse dyes in the polyester fibers directly convert from…
What is meant by light fastness Color fastness to light is the ability of a stain to retain its original color when exposed to sunlight. Due to the wave-particle biphasism of sunlight in nature, the sunlight that transmits energy in…